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姝ゅ锛屼綆闇у寲鍌寲鍔戠殑琛ㄩ潰缍�(j墨ng)閬庣壒娈婅檿鐞嗭紝鍏锋湁杓冧綆鐨勮〃闈㈣兘鍜岃純楂樼殑娼ゆ繒鎬�銆傞€欎娇寰楀偓鍖栧姂鍦ㄦ恫楂旀垨姘ｉ珨浠嬭唱(zh矛)涓兘澶犳洿濂藉湴鍒嗘暎锛屾笡灏戜簡鍥犺〃闈㈠嫉鍔涘紩璧风殑姘ｆ场褰㈡垚鍜屾埃婧惰啝閲嬫斁銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)鍦嬪鏂囩嵒(xi脿n)鍫�(b脿o)閬擄紝缇庡湅鍔犲窞澶у(xu茅)浼厠鍒╁垎鏍＄殑鐮旂┒鍦�(tu谩n)闅�(du矛)閫氶亷灏�(du矛)浣庨湩鍖栧偓鍖栧姂琛ㄩ潰閫�(j矛n)琛岀枏姘存敼鎬�锛屾垚鍔熷皣鍌寲鍔戠殑闇у寲鐜囬檷浣庝簡90%浠ヤ笂锛圫mith et al., 2021锛�銆�

2. 鐒″懗鐗规€х殑瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)

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渚嬪锛屽痉鍦嬫厱灏奸粦宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐨勭爺绌跺湗(tu谩n)闅�(du矛)闁嬬櫦(f膩)浜嗕竴绋熀浜庨噾灞哀鍖栫墿鐨勪綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戯紝瑭插偓鍖栧姂鍦ㄤ綆婧浠朵笅琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍑哄劒(y艒u)鐣扮殑鍌寲鎬ц兘锛屼笖鍦ㄥ弽鎳�(y墨ng)閬庣▼涓咕涔庝笉鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶换浣曠暟鍛虫埃楂旓紙Schmidt et al., 2020锛�銆傜爺绌剁櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岃┎鍌寲鍔戠殑娲绘€х祫鍒嗙偤浜屾哀鍖栭垿锛圱iO?锛�锛屽苟閲囩敤浜嗙壒娈婄殑鍒跺倷宸ヨ棟锛屼娇鍏跺叿鏈夎純楂樼殑绲�(ji茅)鏅跺害鍜岀┅(w臎n)瀹氱殑鏅舵牸绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傞€欑ó绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓嶅儏鎻愰珮浜嗗偓鍖栧姂鐨勬椿鎬�锛岄倓鏈夋晥鍦伴樆姝簡鍓敘(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岀⒑淇濅簡鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閬庣▼鐨勭劇鍛虫€с€�

3. 鍌寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€у拰绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�

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浠ユ棩鏈澅浜ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪竴闋�(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒鐐轰緥锛岀爺绌朵汉鍝￠枊鐧�(f膩)浜嗕竴绋熀浜庤泊閲戝爆閳€锛圥d锛夌殑浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂锛岀敤浜庡偓鍖栧姞姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傚(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庯紝瑭插偓鍖栧姂鍦ㄩ伕鎿囨€у姞姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑哄劒(y艒u)鐣扮殑鎬ц兘锛岀洰妯�(bi膩o)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑閬告搰鎬ч珮閬�(d谩)98%浠ヤ笂锛圱anaka et al., 2019锛�銆傛澶�锛岃┎鍌寲鍔戦倓鍏锋湁鑹ソ鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛屽嵆浣垮湪闀锋檪(sh铆)闁撻€ｇ簩(x霉)閬�(y霉n)琛岀殑鎯呮硜涓�锛屽叾鍌寲娲绘€т篃娌掓湁鏄庨’涓嬮檷锛岄’绀哄嚭鍎�(y艒u)鐣扮殑鑰愪箙鎬�銆�

4. 鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨弸濂芥€�

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧冨弸濂芥€ф槸鍏堕’钁楃殑鐗归粸(di菐n)涔嬩竴銆傚偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戝湪鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍜屼娇鐢ㄩ亷绋嬩腑锛屽線寰€鏈�(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷ぇ閲忕殑寤㈡埃銆佸虎姘村拰寤㈡福锛屽皪(du矛)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冮€犳垚鍤�(y谩n)閲嶆薄鏌撱€備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝墖閫氶亷閲囩敤缍犺壊鍚堟垚鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜屽彲鍐嶇敓璩囨簮锛屽ぇ澶ф笡灏戜簡灏�(du矛)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑璨�(f霉)闈㈠奖闊�銆備緥濡傦紝涓湅绉戝(xu茅)闄㈠寲瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鎵€鐨勭爺绌跺湗(tu谩n)闅�(du矛)闁嬬櫦(f膩)浜嗕竴绋熀浜庣敓鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勪綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔�锛岃┎鍌寲鍔戜互妞嶇墿绾栫董绱犵偤鍘熸枡锛岀稉(j墨ng)閬庣啊鍠殑鍖栧(xu茅)铏曠悊鍚庡埗鍌欒€屾垚锛圠i et al., 2021锛夈€傜爺绌惰〃鏄�锛岃┎鍌寲鍔戜笉鍍呭叿鏈夎壇濂界殑鍌寲鎬ц兘锛岃€屼笖鍦ㄧ敓鐢�(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓咕涔庝笉鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熶换浣曟薄鏌撶墿锛岀鍚堝彲鎸佺簩(x霉)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑瑕佹眰銆�

缍滀笂鎵€杩�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€氶亷鍎�(y艒u)鍖栧偓鍖栧姂鐨勭墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鐗规€�锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗛湩鍖栫巼浣庛€佺劇鐣板懗銆侀伕鎿囨€ч珮銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€уソ浠ュ強鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨弸濂界殑澶氶噸鍎�(y艒u)鍕�銆傞€欎簺鐗规€т娇寰椾綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝湪鎻愬崌鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸搧璩�(zh矛)鏂归潰鍏锋湁涓嶅彲鏇夸唬鐨勪綔鐢�锛屽挨鍏跺湪灏�(du矛)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨拰鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忚姹傛サ楂樼殑琛屾キ(y猫)涓湁寤ｆ硾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅€�

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鍝佸弮鏁�(sh霉)

鐐轰簡鏇村ソ鍦扮悊瑙ｄ綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑鎬ц兘鍙婂叾鍦ㄦ彁鍗囩敘(ch菐n)鍝佸搧璩�(zh矛)鏂归潰鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍕�锛屼互涓嬫槸骞剧ó甯歌浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勪富瑕佺敘(ch菐n)鍝佸弮鏁�(sh霉)銆傞€欎簺鍙冩暩(sh霉)娑佃搵浜嗗偓鍖栧姂鐨勭墿鐞嗙壒鎬�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚銆佸偓鍖栨€ц兘浠ュ強鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨奖闊跨瓑鏂归潰锛岃兘澶�?y脿n)妯絰鑰呮彁渚涘叏闈㈢殑鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍙冭€冦€�

1. 鐗╃悊鐗规€�

2. 鍖栧(xu茅)绲勬垚

3. 鍌寲鎬ц兘

4. 鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨奖闊�

5. 瀹夊叏鎬�

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鍦ㄦ彁鍗囩敘(ch菐n)鍝佸搧璩�(zh矛)鏂归潰鐨勫叿楂旀噳(y墨ng)鐢�

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鎲戝€熷叾鐛�(d煤)鐗圭殑鐗╃悊鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鐗规€�锛屽湪澶氬€�(g猫)琛屾キ(y猫)涓緱鍒颁簡寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紝灏ゅ叾鏄湪灏�(du矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忓拰鐠�(hu谩n)澧冭姹傛サ楂樼殑闋�(l菒ng)鍩�銆備互涓嬫槸骞惧€�(g猫)鍏稿瀷鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ渚嬶紝灞曠ず浜嗕綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝浣曞湪瀵�(sh铆)闅涚敓鐢�(ch菐n)涓彁鍗囩敘(ch菐n)鍝佸搧璩�(zh矛)銆�

1. 椋熷搧鍔犲伐琛屾キ(y猫)

椋熷搧鍔犲伐琛屾キ(y猫)鐨勬牳蹇冭姹傛槸纰轰繚鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑瀹夊叏鎬�銆佺磾鍑堝害鍜屽彛鎰熴€傚偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戝湪椋熷搧鍔犲伐閬庣▼涓彲鑳芥渻(hu矛)寮曞叆鏈夊鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎴栫敘(ch菐n)鐢熺暟鍛�锛屽奖闊跨敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑璩�(zh矛)閲忓拰娑堣不(f猫i)鑰呯殑鎺ュ彈搴︺€備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑鍑虹従(xi脿n)锛岀偤椋熷搧鍔犲伐鎻愪緵浜嗘洿鍔犲畨鍏ㄥ拰楂樻晥鐨勮В姹烘柟妗�銆�

妗堜緥1锛氭补鑴傛矮鍖�

娌硅剛姘寲鏄鍝佸姞宸ヤ腑甯歌鐨勫伐钘�锛岀敤浜庢彁楂樻补鑴傜殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰寤堕暦淇濊唱(zh矛)鏈�銆傜劧鑰�锛屽偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戝湪姘寲閬庣▼涓彲鑳芥渻(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷弽寮忚剛鑲�锛岄€欐槸涓€绋皪(du矛)浜洪珨鍋ュ悍鏈夊鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)銆備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€氶亷鍎�(y艒u)鍖栧偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€�锛岃兘澶犳湁鏁堟姂鍒跺弽寮忚剛鑲殑鐢熸垚锛岀⒑淇濈敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑鍋ュ悍鎬у拰瀹夊叏鎬с€�

鏍规摎(j霉)缇庡湅杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)閮紙USDA锛夌殑涓€闋�(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒鍫�(b脿o)鍛�锛屼娇鐢ㄤ綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€�(j矛n)琛屾补鑴傛矮鍖栫殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滈’绀猴紝鍙嶅紡鑴傝偑鐨勫惈閲忓緸鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戠殑8%闄嶈嚦涓嶅埌1%锛圝ohnson et al., 2022锛�銆傛澶栵紝浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂閭勮兘澶犻’钁楁彁楂樻矮鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€�锛屼娇娌硅剛鐨勭鍊硷紙IV锛変繚鎸佸湪閬╁疁鑼冨湇鍏�(n猫i)锛岀⒑淇濈敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑鍙ｆ劅鍜岀嚐椁�(y菐ng)鍍�(ji脿)鍊间笉鍙楀奖闊�銆�

妗堜緥2锛氭灉姹佹緞娓�

鏋滄眮婢勬竻鏄鍝佸姞宸ヤ腑鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)閲嶈鐠�(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)锛屾棬鍦ㄥ幓闄ゆ灉姹佷腑鐨勬嚫娴绮掑拰闆滆唱(zh矛)锛屾彁楂樼敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑閫忔槑搴﹀拰鍙ｆ劅銆傚偝绲�(t菕ng)婢勬竻鍔戝彲鑳芥渻(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷存灉姹侀ⅷ(f膿ng)鍛崇殑鏀硅畩锛岀敋鑷冲紩鍏ユ湁瀹崇墿璩�(zh矛)銆備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€氶亷鍚搁檮鍜岄亷婵句綔鐢�锛岃兘澶犳湁鏁堝幓闄ゆ灉姹佷腑鐨勯洔璩�(zh矛)锛岃€屼笉褰遍熆鍏跺ぉ鐒堕ⅷ(f膿ng)鍛�銆�

涓湅杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐨勭爺绌跺湗(tu谩n)闅�(du矛)闁嬬櫦(f膩)浜嗕竴绋熀浜庢椿鎬х偔鐨勪綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔�锛岀敤浜庢灉姹佹緞娓�銆傚(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄�锛岃┎鍌寲鍔戝湪鍘婚櫎鏋滄眮涓嚫娴绮掔殑鍚屾檪(sh铆)锛岃兘澶犱繚鎸佹灉姹佺殑鍘熸湁棰�(f膿ng)鍛冲拰鐕熼(y菐ng)鎴愬垎锛圵ang et al., 2021锛�銆傛澶�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤閭勬笡灏戜簡鍌崇当(t菕ng)婢勬竻鍔戠殑鐢ㄩ噺锛岄檷浣庝簡鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鎴愭湰锛屾彁鍗囦簡鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑甯傚牬绔剁埈鍔�銆�

2. 閱�(y墨)钘ュ埗閫犺妤�(y猫)

閱�(y墨)钘ュ埗閫犺妤�(y猫)灏�(du矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑绱斿害鍜屽畨鍏ㄦ€ф湁钁楁サ楂樼殑瑕佹眰锛屼换浣曞井閲忕殑闆滆唱(zh矛)鎴栫暟鍛抽兘鍙兘灏�(d菐o)鑷磋棩鐗╁け鏁堟垨寮曠櫦(f膩)涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝湪閱�(y墨)钘ュ埗閫犱腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢紝涓嶅儏鑳藉鎻愰珮钘ョ墿鐨勫悎鎴愭晥鐜�锛岄倓鑳界⒑淇濈敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑楂樿唱(zh矛)閲忓拰瀹夊叏鎬с€�

妗堜緥1锛氳棩鐗╁悎鎴�

钘ョ墿鍚堟垚鏄啱(y墨)钘ュ埗閫犵殑鏍稿績鐠�(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)锛屾秹鍙婂京(f霉)闆滅殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜屽姝ュ偓鍖栭亷绋�銆傚偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戝湪钘ョ墿鍚堟垚涓彲鑳芥渻(hu矛)寮曞叆闆滆唱(zh矛)鎴栫敘(ch菐n)鐢熷壇鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╋紝褰遍熆钘ョ墿鐨勭磾搴﹀拰鐧傛晥銆備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€氶亷绮剧⒑瑾�(di脿o)鎺у偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€�锛岃兘澶犳湁鏁堟笡灏戝壇鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岀⒑淇濊棩鐗╃殑楂樼磾搴﹀拰楂樻敹鐜�銆�

寰峰湅棣厠鏂锋櫘鏈楀厠鐮旂┒鎵€鐨勪竴闋�(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒椤ず锛屼娇鐢ㄤ綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€�(j矛n)琛岃棩鐗╁悎鎴�锛岃兘澶犻’钁楁彁楂樼洰妯�(bi膩o)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑閬告搰鎬�锛屾笡灏戝壇鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鐢熸垚銆備緥濡�锛屽湪鍚堟垚鎶楄叓鐦よ棩鐗╃传鏉夐唶鐨勯亷绋嬩腑锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱鐩(bi膩o)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鏀剁巼寰炲偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戠殑60%鎻愰珮鍒颁簡90%浠ヤ笂锛圞rause et al., 2020锛�銆傛澶栵紝浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂閭勮兘澶犳笡灏戣棩鐗╀腑鐨勯噸閲戝爆娈樼暀锛岀⒑淇濈敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑瀹夊叏鎬с€�

妗堜緥2锛氳棩鐗╃磾鍖�

钘ョ墿绱斿寲鏄啱(y墨)钘ュ埗閫犱腑鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸垫椹�锛屾棬鍦ㄥ幓闄よ棩鐗╀腑鐨勯洔璩�(zh矛)鍜屽壇鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�锛岀⒑淇濈敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑绱斿害鍜屽畨鍏ㄦ€с€傚偝绲�(t菕ng)绱斿寲鏂规硶鍙兘鏈�(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷磋棩鐗╃殑鎼嶅け鎴栧紩鍏ユ柊鐨勯洔璩�(zh矛)銆備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€氶亷鍚搁檮鍜屽垎闆綔鐢�锛岃兘澶犳湁鏁堝幓闄よ棩鐗╀腑鐨勯洔璩�(zh矛)锛岃€屼笉褰遍熆鍏舵椿鎬ф垚鍒�銆�

缇庡湅椋熷搧钘ュ搧鐩�(ji膩n)鐫ｇ鐞嗗眬锛團DA锛夌殑涓€闋�(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒鎸囧嚭锛屼娇鐢ㄤ綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€�(j矛n)琛岃棩鐗╃磾鍖�锛岃兘澶犻’钁楁彁楂樿棩鐗╃殑绱斿害锛屾笡灏戦洔璩�(zh矛)鐨勫惈閲�銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄧ磾鍖栨姉鐧岃棩鐗╅樋闇夌礌鐨勯亷绋嬩腑锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱钘ョ墿鐨勭磾搴﹀緸95%鎻愰珮鍒颁簡99.5%锛圔rown et al., 2021锛�銆傛澶栵紝浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勪娇鐢ㄩ倓娓涘皯浜嗗偝绲�(t菕ng)绱斿寲鏂规硶鎵€闇€鐨勬憾鍔戦噺锛岄檷浣庝簡鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鎴愭湰锛屾彁鍗囦簡鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑甯傚牬绔剁埈鍔涖€�

3. 鍖栧鍝佺敓鐢�(ch菐n)琛屾キ(y猫)

鍖栧鍝佺敓鐢�(ch菐n)琛屾キ(y猫)灏�(du矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑瀹夊叏鎬у拰绱斿噲搴︽湁钁楀毚(y谩n)鏍肩殑瑕佹眰锛屼换浣曞井閲忕殑闆滆唱(zh矛)鎴栫暟鍛抽兘鏈�(hu矛)褰遍熆鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑浣跨敤楂旈(y脿n)鍜屾秷璨�(f猫i)鑰呯殑婊挎剰搴︺€備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝湪鍖栧鍝佺敓鐢�(ch菐n)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屼笉鍍呰兘澶犳彁楂樼敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑璩�(zh矛)閲忥紝閭勮兘纰轰繚鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑瀹夊叏鎬у拰绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆�

妗堜緥1锛氶鏂欏悎鎴�

棣欐枡鏄寲濡濆搧涓殑閲嶈鎴愬垎锛岃肠浜堢敘(ch菐n)鍝佺崹(d煤)鐗圭殑棣欐埃銆傜劧鑰�锛屽偝绲�(t菕ng)棣欐枡鍚堟垚閬庣▼涓彲鑳芥渻(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺暟鍛虫垨寮曞叆鏈夊鐗╄唱(zh矛)锛屽奖闊跨敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑浣跨敤楂旈(y脿n)銆備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€氶亷鍎�(y艒u)鍖栧偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€�锛岃兘澶犳湁鏁堟笡灏戝壇鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岀⒑淇濋鏂欑殑楂樿唱(zh矛)閲忓拰楂樼磾搴�銆�

娉曞湅鍦嬪绉戝(xu茅)鐮旂┒涓績锛圕NRS锛夌殑涓€闋�(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒椤ず锛屼娇鐢ㄤ綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€�(j矛n)琛岄鏂欏悎鎴�锛岃兘澶犻’钁楁彁楂樼洰妯�(bi膩o)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑閬告搰鎬�锛屾笡灏戝壇鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鐢熸垚銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄥ悎鎴愬ぉ鐒堕鏂欑帿鐟扮簿娌圭殑閬庣▼涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱鐩(bi膩o)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鏀剁巼寰炲偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戠殑70%鎻愰珮鍒颁簡95%浠ヤ笂锛圖ubois et al., 2021锛夈€傛澶�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦倓鑳藉娓涘皯棣欐枡涓殑闆滆唱(zh矛)鍚噺锛岀⒑淇濈敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑瀹夊叏鎬у拰绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆�

妗堜緥2锛氳(h霉)鑶氬搧閰嶆柟鍎�(y艒u)鍖�

璀�(h霉)鑶氬搧鏄寲濡濆搧涓殑閲嶈椤炲垾锛屽叾閰嶆柟鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍖栧皪(du矛)浜庣敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑璩�(zh矛)閲忓拰浣跨敤楂旈(y脿n)鑷抽棞(gu膩n)閲嶈銆傚偝绲�(t菕ng)璀�(h霉)鑶氬搧閰嶆柟涓彲鑳芥渻(hu矛)寮曞叆鏈夊鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎴栫敘(ch菐n)鐢熺暟鍛�锛屽奖闊跨敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑浣跨敤楂旈(y脿n)銆備綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€氶亷鍚搁檮鍜屽垎闆綔鐢紝鑳藉鏈夋晥鍘婚櫎璀�(h霉)鑶氬搧涓殑闆滆唱(zh矛)锛岃€屼笉褰遍熆鍏舵椿鎬ф垚鍒�銆�

涓湅绉戝(xu茅)闄㈠寲瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鎵€鐨勪竴闋�(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒鎸囧嚭锛屼娇鐢ㄤ綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€�(j矛n)琛岃(h霉)鑶氬搧閰嶆柟鍎�(y艒u)鍖栵紝鑳藉椤憲鎻愰珮鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑绱斿噲搴�锛屾笡灏戦洔璩�(zh矛)鐨勫惈閲�銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄥ劒(y艒u)鍖栦竴娆炬姉琛拌€侀潰闇滅殑閰嶆柟鏅�(sh铆)锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑绱斿噲搴﹀緸90%鎻愰珮鍒颁簡98%锛圸hang et al., 2021锛夈€傛澶�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤閭勬笡灏戜簡鍌崇当(t菕ng)閰嶆柟涓墍闇€鐨勬坊鍔犲姂锛岄檷浣庝簡鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鎴愭湰锛屾彁鍗囦簡鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑甯傚牬绔剁埈鍔�銆�

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鏁堢泭鍜岀ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鏁堢泭

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂涓嶅儏鍦ㄦ彁鍗囩敘(ch菐n)鍝佸搧璩�(zh矛)鏂归潰鍏锋湁椤憲鍎�(y艒u)鍕紝閭勫湪缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鏁堢泭鍜岀ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鏁堢泭鏂归潰甯朵締浜嗚澶氱⿳妤靛奖闊�銆備互涓嬪皣寰為€欏叐鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰閫�(j矛n)琛岃┏绱�(x矛)鍒嗘瀽銆�

1. 缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鏁堢泭

1.1 闄嶄綆鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鎴愭湰

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勪娇鐢ㄨ兘澶犻’钁楅檷浣庣敓鐢�(ch菐n)鎴愭湰锛屼富瑕侀珨鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰锛�

• 娓涘皯鍘熸潗鏂欐氮璨�(f猫i)锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝叿鏈夎純楂樼殑閬告搰鎬у拰绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛岃兘澶犳湁鏁堟笡灏戝壇鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岄檷浣庡師鏉愭枡鐨勬氮璨�(f猫i)銆備緥濡�锛屽湪钘ョ墿鍚堟垚閬庣▼涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱鐩(bi膩o)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鏀剁巼寰�60%鎻愰珮鍒颁簡90%浠ヤ笂锛岄’钁楁笡灏戜簡鍘熸潗鏂欑殑娑堣€楋紙Krause et al., 2020锛�銆�

• 娓涘皯鑳借€�锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戦€氬父鍏锋湁杓冧綆鐨勬椿鍖栬兘锛岃兘澶犲湪杓冧綆婧害涓嬪(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)楂樻晥鐨勫偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽緸鑰岄檷浣庤兘鑰椼€備緥濡�锛屽湪娌硅剛姘寲閬庣▼涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)婧害寰炲偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨�200掳C闄嶈嚦150掳C锛岄’钁楁笡灏戜簡鑳芥簮娑堣€楋紙Johnson et al., 2022锛�銆�

• 娓涘皯寤㈡鐗╄檿鐞嗘垚鏈�锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤鑳藉娓涘皯鐢熺敘(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑寤㈡埃銆佸虎姘村拰鍥洪珨寤㈡鐗�锛岄檷浣庡虎妫勭墿铏曠悊鎴愭湰銆備緥濡�锛屽湪鏋滄眮婢勬竻閬庣▼涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤娓涘皯浜嗗偝绲�(t菕ng)婢勬竻鍔戠殑鐢ㄩ噺锛岄檷浣庝簡寤㈡按铏曠悊鎴愭湰锛圵ang et al., 2021锛�銆�

1.2 鎻愰珮鐢�(ch菐n)鍝侀檮鍔犲€�

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ兘澶犻’钁楁彁楂樼敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑闄勫姞鍊�锛屼富瑕侀珨鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰锛�

• 鎻愬崌鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲�锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戣兘澶犵⒑淇濈敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑楂樼磾搴﹀拰楂樿唱(zh矛)閲忥紝婊胯冻甯傚牬灏�(du矛)楂樼鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑闇€姹�銆備緥濡�锛屽湪钘ョ墿鍚堟垚閬庣▼涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱钘ョ墿鐨勭磾搴﹀緸95%鎻愰珮鍒颁簡99.5%锛岄’钁楁彁鍗囦簡鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑甯傚牬绔剁埈鍔涳紙Brown et al., 2021锛�銆�

• 寤堕暦鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佷繚璩�(zh矛)鏈�锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戣兘澶犳彁楂樼敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰鑰愪箙鎬э紝寤堕暦鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑淇濊唱(zh矛)鏈�銆備緥濡�锛屽湪璀�(h霉)鑶氬搧閰嶆柟鍎�(y艒u)鍖栭亷绋嬩腑锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑绱斿噲搴﹀緸90%鎻愰珮鍒颁簡98%锛岄’钁楀欢闀蜂簡鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑淇濊唱(zh矛)鏈燂紙Zhang et al., 2021锛�銆�

• 澧炲姞甯傚牬浠介锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ兘澶犲公鍔╀紒妤�(y猫)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍑烘洿鍎�(y艒u)璩�(zh矛)鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鍝侊紝鎻愬崌鍝佺墝褰㈣薄锛屽鍔犲競鍫翠唤椤�銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄩ鍝佸姞宸ヨ妤�(y猫)涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱鍙嶅紡鑴傝偑鐨勫惈閲忓緸8%闄嶈嚦涓嶅埌1%锛岄’钁楁彁鍗囦簡鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑甯傚牬绔剁埈鍔涳紙Johnson et al., 2022锛�銆�

2. 绀炬渻(hu矛)鏁堢泭

2.1 鏀瑰杽鐠�(hu谩n)澧冭唱(zh矛)閲�

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勪娇鐢ㄨ兘澶犻’钁楁笡灏戠敓鐢�(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓皪(du矛)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑姹℃煋锛屼富瑕侀珨鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰锛�

• 娓涘皯寤㈡埃鎺掓斁锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝湪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閬庣▼涓笉鏈�(hu矛)閲嬫斁浠讳綍鐣板懗姘ｉ珨锛岃兘澶犳湁鏁堟笡灏慥OCs绛夋湁瀹虫埃楂旂殑鎺掓斁銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄨ棩鐗╁悎鎴愰亷绋嬩腑锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱VOCs鐨勬帓鏀鹃噺寰炲偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戠殑50 mg/m3闄嶈嚦涓嶅埌10 mg/m3锛岀鍚堟瓙鐩熷拰缇庡湅鐨勭挵(hu谩n)淇濇(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛圞rause et al., 2020锛�銆�

• 娓涘皯寤㈡按鎺掓斁锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤鑳藉娓涘皯鐢熺敘(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑寤㈡按锛岄檷浣庡皪(du矛)姘磋硣婧愮殑姹℃煋銆備緥濡�锛屽湪鏋滄眮婢勬竻閬庣▼涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤娓涘皯浜嗗偝绲�(t菕ng)婢勬竻鍔戠殑鐢ㄩ噺锛岄檷浣庝簡寤㈡按鎺掓斁閲忥紙Wang et al., 2021锛�銆�

• 娓涘皯鍥洪珨寤㈡鐗�锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤鑳藉娓涘皯鐢熺敘(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍥洪珨寤㈡鐗�锛岄檷浣庡皪(du矛)鍦熷￥鍜岀敓鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬薄鏌撱€備緥濡�锛屽湪钘ョ墿绱斿寲閬庣▼涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤娓涘皯浜嗗偝绲�(t菕ng)绱斿寲鏂规硶鎵€闇€鐨勬憾鍔戦噺锛岄檷浣庝簡鍥洪珨寤㈡鐗╃殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢燂紙Brown et al., 2021锛夈€�

2.2 鎻愬崌鍏溇鍋ュ悍姘村钩

浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ兘澶犻’钁楁彁鍗囧叕鐪惧仴搴锋按骞�锛屼富瑕侀珨鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄤ互涓嬪咕鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰锛�

• 娓涘皯鏈夊鐗╄唱(zh矛)鏀濆叆锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戣兘澶犵⒑淇濈敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑楂樼磾搴﹀拰瀹夊叏鎬�锛屾笡灏戞湁瀹崇墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬敐鍏�銆備緥濡�锛屽湪椋熷搧鍔犲伐閬庣▼涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤浣垮緱鍙嶅紡鑴傝偑鐨勫惈閲忓緸8%闄嶈嚦涓嶅埌1%锛岄’钁楅檷浣庝簡娑堣不(f猫i)鑰呮敐鍏ユ湁瀹崇墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勯ⅷ(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)锛圝ohnson et al., 2022锛�銆�

• 娓涘皯鑱锋キ(y猫)鐥呯櫦(f膩)鐢熺巼锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑浣跨敤鑳藉娓涘皯鐢熺敘(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鏈夊姘ｉ珨鍜岀矇濉�锛岄檷浣庤伔妤�(y猫)鐥呯殑鐧�(f膩)鐢熺巼銆備緥濡�锛屽湪钘ョ墿鍚堟垚閬庣▼涓紝浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勪娇鐢ㄤ娇寰梀OCs鐨勬帓鏀鹃噺寰炲偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌寲鍔戠殑50 mg/m3闄嶈嚦涓嶅埌10 mg/m3锛岄’钁楁敼鍠勪簡宸ヤ綔鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑绌烘埃璩�(zh矛)閲忥紙Krause et al., 2020锛夈€�

• 鎻愬崌鐢熸椿鍝佽唱(zh矛)锛氫綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ兘澶犵敓鐢�(ch菐n)鍑烘洿鍎�(y艒u)璩�(zh矛)鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鍝�锛屾彁鍗囧叕鐪剧殑鐢熸椿鍝佽唱(zh矛)銆備緥濡�锛屽湪鍖栧鍝佺敓鐢�(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓紝浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勪娇鐢ㄤ娇寰楄(h霉)鑶氬搧鐨勭磾鍑堝害寰�90%鎻愰珮鍒颁簡98%锛岄’钁楁彁鍗囦簡鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑浣跨敤楂旈(y脿n)锛圸hang et al., 2021锛�銆�

绲�(ji茅)璜栬垏灞曟湜

缍滀笂鎵€杩帮紝浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鎲戝€熷叾鐛�(d煤)鐗圭殑鐗╃悊鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鐗规€�锛屽湪鎻愬崌鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸搧璩�(zh矛)鏂归潰灞曠従(xi脿n)浜嗗法澶х殑娼涘姏銆傞€氶亷灏�(du矛)鍌寲鍔戠殑闇у寲鐜�銆佺劇鍛虫€�銆侀伕鎿囨€с€佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨弸濂芥€х殑鍎�(y艒u)鍖�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戜笉鍍呰兘澶犻’钁楁彁楂樼敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑绱斿害鍜岃唱(zh矛)閲�锛岄倓鑳介檷浣庣敓鐢�(ch菐n)鎴愭湰銆佹笡灏戠挵(hu谩n)澧冩薄鏌擄紝鎻愬崌鍏溇鍋ュ悍姘村钩銆傚湪椋熷搧鍔犲伐銆侀啱(y墨)钘ュ埗閫犮€佸寲濡濆搧鐢熺敘(ch菐n)绛夊鍊�(g猫)琛屾キ(y猫)涓�锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ凡缍�(j墨ng)鍙栧緱浜嗛’钁楁垚鏁�锛屾湭渚嗘湁鏈涘湪鏇村闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷緱鍒版帹寤ｅ拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

鐒惰€�锛岀洝绠′綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝凡缍�(j墨ng)鍙栧緱浜嗕竴瀹氱殑閫�(j矛n)灞�锛屼絾鍏剁爺绌跺拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ粛鐒堕潰鑷ㄤ竴浜涙寫鎴�(zh脿n)銆備緥濡�锛屽浣曢€�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ彁楂樺偓鍖栧姂鐨勯伕鎿囨€у拰绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€э紝濡備綍闄嶄綆鍌寲鍔戠殑鎴愭湰锛屽浣曟摯(ku貌)澶у叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶇瓑锛岄兘鏄湭渚嗙爺绌剁殑閲嶉粸(di菐n)鏂瑰悜銆傛澶�锛岄毃钁楃挵(hu谩n)淇濊姹傜殑涓嶆柗鎻愰珮锛岄枊鐧�(f膩)鏇村姞缍犺壊銆佸彲鎸佺簩(x霉)鐨勫偓鍖栧姂鍒跺倷鏂规硶涔熸垚鐐轰簡涓€鍊�(g猫)閲嶈鐨勭爺绌惰椤屻€�

灞曟湜鏈締锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戠殑鐧�(f膩)灞曞皣渚濊炒浜庡瀛�(xu茅)绉戠殑浜ゅ弶鍚堜綔锛屽寘鎷寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佹潗鏂欑瀛�(xu茅)銆佸伐绋嬪(xu茅)绛夐牁(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鍏卞悓閫�(j矛n)姝�銆傞€氶亷涓嶆柗鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂板拰鎶€琛�(sh霉)绐佺牬锛屼綆闇у寲鐒″懗鍌寲鍔戝繀灏囧湪鎻愬崌鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸搧璩�(zh矛)銆佷繚璀�(h霉)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨拰淇冮€�(j矛n)绀炬渻(hu矛)鍙寔绾�(x霉)鐧�(f膩)灞曟柟闈㈢櫦(f膩)鎻洿鍔犻噸瑕佺殑浣滅敤銆傛垜鍊戞湡寰呮洿澶氱殑绉戠爺浜哄摗鍜屼紒妤�(y猫)鎶曞叆鍒伴€欎竴闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鐮旂┒鍜岄枊鐧�(f膩)涓紝鍏卞悓鎺ㄥ嫊(d貌ng)浣庨湩鍖栫劇鍛冲偓鍖栧姂鐨勫唬娉涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ拰鐧�(f膩)灞�銆�